Women with a history of congenital anomaly: preparation for next pregnancy

Congenital diseases are damaging to the fetus and have an influence on length of pregnancy. Some congenital problems can still be fixed after birth, however costs significant. Prophylaxis is strongly advocated reduce risk abnormalities during preconception. The incidence anomalies in first pregnancy associated with a 2.5-fold increased recurrence future pregnancies. likelihood more than 24 times larger for same type aberration, but just 1.4 separate anomalies. MTHFR-folate gene polymorphism has been related frequency neural tube Infectious environmental teratogens effect genetic or epigenetic factors. Environmental elements that repeated such maternal diabetes, obesity, nutritional shortages seem increase fetal malformations. Alcohol, nicotine, psychotropic drugs all teratogens. promotion contraceptive usage, optimization weight micronutrient status, prevention management infectious illnesses, birth spacing adolescent pregnancy, screening chronic few these interventions. In conclusion, probability quite high category defects, particularly similar Structural decreased even further proper planning preparation, especially high-risk populations. Moreover, preconception intervention potential minimize